Compare Antigua and Barbuda (2004) - Spratly Islands (2003)

Compare Antigua and Barbuda (2004) z Spratly Islands (2003)

	Antigua and Barbuda (2004)	Spratly Islands (2003)

Administrative divisions	6 parishes and 2 dependencies; Barbuda, Redonda, Saint George, Saint John, Saint Mary, Saint Paul, Saint Peter, Saint Philip*	-
Age structure	0-14 years: 28.1% (male 9,761; female 9,429) 15-64 years: 67.6% (male 23,179; female 23,023) 65 years and over: 4.3% (male 1,151; female 1,777) (2004 est.)	-
Agriculture - products	cotton, fruits, vegetables, bananas, coconuts, cucumbers, mangoes, sugarcane; livestock	-
Airports	3 (2003 est.)	3 (2002)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)	total: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)	total: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2002)
Area	total: 443 sq km (Antigua 280 sq km; Barbuda 161 sq km) land: 443 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Redonda, 1.6 sq km	total: less than 5 sq km land: less than 5 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes 100 or so islets, coral reefs, and sea mounts scattered over an area of nearly 410,000 sq km of the central South China Sea
Area - comparative	2.5 times the size of Washington, DC	NA
Background	The Siboney were the first to inhabit the islands of Antigua and Barbuda in 2400 B.C., but Arawak and Carib Indians populated the islands when Columbus landed on his second voyage in 1493. Early settlements by the Spanish and French were succeeded by the English who formed a colony in 1667. Slavery, established to run the sugar plantations on Antigua, was abolished in 1834. The islands became an independent state within the British Commonwealth of Nations in 1981.	The Spratly Islands consist of more than 100 small islands or reefs. They are surrounded by rich fishing grounds and potentially by gas and oil deposits. They are claimed in their entirety by China, Taiwan, and Vietnam, while portions are claimed by Malaysia and the Philippines. About 50 islands are occupied by China (about 450 soldiers), Malaysia (70-90), the Philippines (about 100), and Vietnam (about 1,500). Brunei is a claimant but has no outposts. (2002)
Birth rate	17.7 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)	-
Budget	revenues: $123.7 million expenditures: $145.9 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2000 est.)	-
Capital	Saint John's (Antigua)	-
Climate	tropical; little seasonal temperature variation	tropical
Coastline	153 km	926 km
Constitution	1 November 1981	-
Country name	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Antigua and Barbuda	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Spratly Islands
Currency	East Caribbean dollar (XCD)	-
Death rate	5.55 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)	-
Debt - external	$231 million (1999)	-
Diplomatic representation from the US	the US does not have an embassy in Antigua and Barbuda (embassy closed 30 June 1994); the US Ambassador to Barbados, Ambassador Mary E. KRAMER, is accredited to Antigua and Barbuda	-
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Lionel A. HURST chancery: 3216 New Mexico Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016 telephone: [1] (202) 362-5122 FAX: [1] (202) 362-5225 consulate(s) general: Miami	-
Disputes - international	none	all of the Spratly Islands are claimed by China, Taiwan, and Vietnam; parts of them are claimed by Malaysia and the Philippines; in 1984, Brunei established an exclusive fishing zone that encompasses Louisa Reef in the southern Spratly Islands but has not publicly claimed the island; claimants in November 2002 signed the "Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea", a mechanism to ease tension but which fell short of a legally binding "code of conduct"
Economic aid - recipient	$2.3 million (1995)	-
Economy - overview	Tourism continues to dominate the economy, accounting for more than half of GDP. Weak tourist arrival numbers since early 2000 have slowed the economy, however, and pressed the government into a tight fiscal corner. The dual-island nation's agricultural production is focused on the domestic market and constrained by a limited water supply and a labor shortage stemming from the lure of higher wages in tourism and construction. Manufacturing comprises enclave-type assembly for export with major products being bedding, handicrafts, and electronic components. Prospects for economic growth in the medium term will continue to depend on income growth in the industrialized world, especially in the US, which accounts for slightly more than one-third of tourist arrivals.	Economic activity is limited to commercial fishing. The proximity to nearby oil- and gas-producing sedimentary basins suggests the potential for oil and gas deposits, but the region is largely unexplored, and there are no reliable estimates of potential reserves; commercial exploitation has yet to be developed.
Electricity - consumption	97.89 million kWh (2001)	-
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2001)	-
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2001)	-
Electricity - production	105.3 million kWh (2001)	-
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Boggy Peak 402 m	lowest point: South China Sea 0 m highest point: unnamed location on Southwest Cay 4 m
Environment - current issues	water management - a major concern because of limited natural fresh water resources - is further hampered by the clearing of trees to increase crop production, causing rainfall to run off quickly	NA
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements	-
Ethnic groups	black, British, Portuguese, Lebanese, Syrian	-
Exchange rates	East Caribbean dollars per US dollar - 2.7 (2003), 2.7 (2002), 2.7 (2001), 2.7 (2000), 2.7 (1999), 2.7 (1998) (fixed rate since 1976)	-
Executive branch	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General James B. CARLISLE (since 10 June 1993) head of government: Prime Minister Baldwin SPENCER (since 24 March 2004) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor general chosen by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the governor general	-
Exports	NA (2001)	-
Exports - commodities	petroleum products 48%, manufactures 23%, machinery and transport equipment 17%, food and live animals 4%, other 8%	-
Exports - partners	Germany 84.9%, UK 3.8%, US 3.3% (2003)	-
Fiscal year	1 April - 31 March	-
Flag description	red, with an inverted isosceles triangle based on the top edge of the flag; the triangle contains three horizontal bands of black (top), light blue, and white, with a yellow rising sun in the black band	-
GDP	purchasing power parity - $750 million (2002 est.)	-
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 3.9% industry: 19.2% services: 76.8% (2002)	-
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $11,000 (2002 est.)	-
GDP - real growth rate	3% (2002 est.)	-
Geographic coordinates	17 03 N, 61 48 W	8 38 N, 111 55 E
Geography - note	Antigua has a deeply indented shoreline with many natural harbors and beaches; Barbuda has a very large western harbor	strategically located near several primary shipping lanes in the central South China Sea; includes numerous small islands, atolls, shoals, and coral reefs
Highways	total: 250 km (1999 est.)	-
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA	-
Illicit drugs	considered a minor transshipment point for narcotics bound for the US and Europe; more significant as an offshore financial center	-
Imports	NA (2001)	-
Imports - commodities	food and live animals, machinery and transport equipment, manufactures, chemicals, oil	-
Imports - partners	US 26.5%, Singapore 10%, Poland 7%, Germany 6.1%, UK 6.1%, Trinidad and Tobago 4.4% (2003)	-
Independence	1 November 1981 (from UK)	-
Industrial production growth rate	6% (1997 est.)	-
Industries	tourism, construction, light manufacturing (clothing, alcohol, household appliances)	-
Infant mortality rate	total: 20.18 deaths/1,000 live births male: 24.29 deaths/1,000 live births female: 15.87 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)	-
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	0.4% (2000 est.)	-
International organization participation	ACP, C, Caricom, CDB, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (subscriber), ITU, OAS, OECS, OPANAL, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO	-
Irrigated land	NA sq km	0 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (based in Saint Lucia; one judge of the Supreme Court is a resident of the islands and presides over the Court of Summary Jurisdiction)	-
Labor force	30,000	-
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture 7%, industry 11%, services 82% (1983)	-
Land boundaries	0 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 18.18% permanent crops: 4.55% other: 77.27% (2001)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (1998 est.)
Languages	English (official), local dialects	-
Legal system	based on English common law	-
Legislative branch	bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (17-member body appointed by the governor general) and the House of Representatives (17 seats; members are elected by proportional representation to serve five-year terms) elections: House of Representatives - last held 23 March 2004 (next to be held NA 2009) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ALP 4, UPP 12, contested 1; note - new election will decide the contested seat	-
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 71.6 years male: 69.26 years female: 74.07 years (2004 est.)	-
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over has completed five or more years of schooling total population: 89% male: 90% female: 88% (1960 est.)	-
Location	Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east-southeast of Puerto Rico	Southeastern Asia, group of reefs and islands in the South China Sea, about two-thirds of the way from southern Vietnam to the southern Philippines
Map references	Central America and the Caribbean	Southeast Asia
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin	NA
Merchant marine	total: 867 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 5,873,626 GRT/7,683,143 DWT by type: bulk 25, cargo 477, chemical tanker 13, container 284, liquefied gas 10, multi-functional large load carrier 15, refrigerated cargo 10, roll on/roll off 32, vehicle carrier 1 foreign-owned: Australia 1, Bahamas 1, Bangladesh 2, Belgium 3, Colombia 1, Cuba 1, Cyprus 1, Estonia 3, France 1, Germany 818, Greece 2, Iceland 5, Latvia 1, Lebanon 1, Lithuania 2, Malaysia 1, Netherlands 19, New Zealand 1, Norway 2, Portugal 1, Slovenia 5, Sweden 2, Switzerland 5, Turkey 3, United States 10 registered in other countries: 2 (2004 est.)	-
Military - note	-	Spratly Islands consist of more than 100 small islands or reefs, of which about 45 are claimed and occupied by China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam
Military branches	Royal Antigua and Barbuda Defense Force (including Coast Guard)	-
Military expenditures - dollar figure	NA	-
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	NA	-
National holiday	Independence Day (National Day), 1 November (1981)	-
Nationality	noun: Antiguan(s), Barbudan(s) adjective: Antiguan, Barbudan	-
Natural hazards	hurricanes and tropical storms (July to October); periodic droughts	typhoons; serious maritime hazard because of numerous reefs and shoals
Natural resources	NEGL; pleasant climate fosters tourism	fish, guano, undetermined oil and natural gas potential
Net migration rate	-6.15 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)	-
Political parties and leaders	Antigua Labor Party or ALP [Lester Bryant BIRD]; Barbuda People's Movement or BPM [Thomas H. FRANK]; United Progressive Party or UPP [Baldwin SPENCER] (a coalition of three opposition parties - United National Democratic Party or UNDP, Antigua Caribbean Liberation Movement or ACLM, and Progressive Labor Movement or PLM)	-
Political pressure groups and leaders	Antigua Trades and Labor Union or ATLU [William ROBINSON]; People's Democratic Movement or PDM [Hugh MARSHALL]	-
Population	68,320 (July 2004 est.)	no indigenous inhabitants note: there are scattered garrisons occupied by personnel of several claimant states (July 2003 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA	-
Population growth rate	0.6% (2004 est.)	-
Ports and harbors	Saint John's	none; offshore anchorage only
Radio broadcast stations	AM 4, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998)	-
Religions	Christian, (predominantly Anglican with other Protestant, and some Roman Catholic)	-
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.65 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2004 est.)	-
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	-
Telephone system	general assessment: NA domestic: good automatic telephone system international: country code - 1-268; 1 coaxial submarine cable; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); tropospheric scatter to Saba (Netherlands Antilles) and Guadeloupe	-
Telephones - main lines in use	38,000 (2002)	-
Telephones - mobile cellular	38,200 (2002)	-
Television broadcast stations	2 (1997)	-
Terrain	mostly low-lying limestone and coral islands, with some higher volcanic areas	flat
Total fertility rate	2.27 children born/woman (2004 est.)	-
Unemployment rate	11% (2001 est.)	-
Waterways	-	none

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